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2024 ‫מועד חורף‬ - 49 - ‫ פרק שני‬- ‫אנגלית‬

Text II (Questions 18-22)

(1) Science has interacted with the visual and performing arts for centuries, not only
improving the preservation, reproduction, and dissemination of works of art, but also
providing new, technology-based media for artistic expression. Despite concerns, there
is no indication that science in any way compromises artistic creativity. On the

(5) contrary, it appears to nurture it by opening up new possibilities.

The relationship between science and the culinary arts also has a long history;
French physicist Denis Papin invented the pressure cooker in 1679 and described it in a
book that can be considered the first modern text on science and cooking. Nevertheless,
until the end of the twentieth century, scientists for the most part considered cooking to

(10) be a frivolous subject, while cooks regarded the introduction of scientific techniques
into their kitchens with suspicion, if not outright hostility. Since the 1990s, however,
interest in the application of science to the development of new cooking techniques has
been mounting.

Today, culinary science is a thriving field. Scientists study the chemical
(15) composition of foods, their physical and biological properties, and the interactions of

their constituents with one another and with their environment. Physicists investigate
the effects of heating and cooling processes on food, while structural chemists examine
the behavior of large molecules, such as complex carbohydrates and proteins.
Chromatographic technology makes it possible to isolate the components of foods that
(20) give rise to tastes and aromas.

The gains of applying science to cooking are evident. Science can explain many
old and seemingly inexplicable culinary tricks. It also allows chefs to experiment with
new combinations of ingredients in their pursuit of sophisticated flavor profiles,
beautiful presentation, and originality.

Questions

18. According to the first paragraph, one of the ways in which science has benefited the

visual and performing arts is by -

(1) analyzing traditional artistic techniques
(2) providing information about artistic creation
(3) redefining the concept of creativity
(4) making works of art available to more people

)‫© כל הזכויות שמורות למרכז ארצי לבחינות ולהערכה (ע"ר‬
.‫ בלא אישור בכתב מהמרכז הארצי לבחינות ולהערכה‬- ‫ כולה או חלקים ממנה‬- ‫ או ללמדה‬,‫אין להעתיק או להפיץ בחינה זו או קטעים ממנה בכל צורה ובכל אמצעי‬