Page 47 - Index

2023 ‫מועד חורף‬ - 46 - ‫ פרק שני‬- ‫אנגלית‬

Restatements (Questions 9-12)

This part consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the
main idea of that sentence in different words. For each question, choose the one restatement
which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

9. The codex, the earliest manifestation of the modern book, gained prevalence between

the third and eighth centuries C.E.

(1) Sometime between the third and eighth centuries C.E., the codex evolved into the
book as it is known today.

(2) The first form of the modern book was the codex, which came into widespread use
between the third and eighth centuries C.E.

(3) The codex, the main type of text from the third to the eighth centuries C.E., fell out
of use after the modern book emerged.

(4) Two types of documents widely used between the third and eighth centuries C.E.
were the codex and the book.

10. It has been found that when a speech is broken up by disfluencies – sounds such as

"um" and "ah" – the audience is apt to recall more of what was said.

(1) Speakers often say "um" and "ah" when they have forgotten what they were
planning to say.

(2) People are likely to remember a speech better if the speaker sometimes says "um"
and "ah" between words.

(3) An audience listening to a speech containing a lot of "um"s and "ah"s is likely to
lose interest quickly.

(4) By saying "um" and "ah", a speaker allows the audience to think about what was
said.

11. Pizza recipes were excluded from late 19th-century Italian cookbooks out of disdain for

a dish associated with the working class.

(1) Once eaten mainly by working-class Italians, pizza became more popular after it
was included in several late 19th-century cookbooks.

(2) Although pizza was originally a simple dish prepared by busy, working-class
Italians, more complicated variations of it were introduced in some late 19th-
century cookbooks.

(3) Pizza, a dish eaten mostly by the working class, was considered unworthy of being
included in Italian cookbooks of the late 19th century.

(4) Pizza, a food long popular with the working class, did not appear in Italian
cookbooks until the late 19th century.

12. Few West European countries can claim France's linguistic diversity.

(1) Unlike some other West European countries, France has worked hard to preserve its
linguistic traditions.

(2) French is the second language of many West European countries.
(3) French has been deeply influenced by the languages of other West European

countries.
(4) More languages are spoken in France than in most other West European countries.

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