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2012 ‫מועד אוקטובר‬ - 39 - ‫ פרק ראשו ן‬- ‫ אנגלית‬

12. In Zimbabwe, domesticated cattle have grazed side by side with wild animal herds for

centuries, to the apparent detriment of neither.

(1) In Zimbabwe, unlike other countries, domesticated cattle and wild animal herds have
grazed on the same lands for many centuries.

(2) After living side by side for hundreds of years, Zimbabwe's domesticated cattle and wild
animals have begun to fight over grazing land.

(3) Zimbabwe's domesticated cattle and wild animal herds no longer share the same grazing
lands, as they apparently did for hundreds of years.

(4) Centuries of grazing together do not seem to have been harmful either to Zimbabwe's
domesticated cattle or to its wild animals.

Reading Comprehension

This part consists of two passages, each followed by several related questions. For each question,
choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Text I (Questions 13-17)

(1) Like herbs and spices, salt can be used as a seasoning – to add flavor to food. But while
herbs and spices, such as oregano and cinnamon, come from plants, salt is a mineral.

Salt is found both in bodies of water and underground. Much of the salt we use comes
from the salt water of oceans and seas. To remove the salt, shallow holes are dug near the

(5) edge of the sea or ocean. Water flows into these holes and stays there. Over a period of
several weeks, the sun dries up the water, leaving behind crystals of salt. Salt is also found
under the ground in the form of huge rocks. To remove this salt from the ground, it is
necessary to dig it out, just as coal and other minerals are mined.

Salt is used not only as a seasoning, but also to preserve food so that it can be kept
(10) without refrigeration for long periods of time. Among the foods that can be preserved using

salt are meat, fish, and vegetables. Adding salt to food has an additional purpose. Our bodies
need salt in order to function. When we sweat, our bodies lose salt, which must be replaced.
People who live in hot countries must be especially careful to get enough salt in their diet.

But salt can be very expensive in some of the places where it is most needed. In
(15) northeastern Ethiopia, for example, blocks of salt must be cut from the surface of the dried-up

Lake Assale. Merchants buy the salt blocks, then use camels to carry them across the desert
to salt markets. At the salt markets, people buy salt for thirty times the price the merchants
paid for it.

)‫© כל הזכויות שמורות למרכז ארצי לבחינות ולהערכה (ע"ר‬

.‫ בלא אישור בכתב מהמרכז הארצי לבחינות ולהערכה‬- ‫ כולה או חלקים ממנה‬- ‫ או ללמדה‬,‫אין להעתיק או להפיץ בחינה זו או קטעים ממנה בכל צורה ובכל אמצעי‬